Nano White

Nano White

Nanowhite, a comprehensive whitening skincare range that has a remarkable technology called 'Happy Endorphne' which contains 3 unique ingredients of which are Nanotechnology, Endorphne Aromachology and Omega White-C.

Nanotechnology
help in transporting Nanowhite active ingredients more effectively deeper into the root of the epidermis.

Endorphne Aromachology
-the well-being molecules and induces a sense of happiness and good mood.
-relaxes and opens up the pores for better absorption of the Omega White-C, giving the skin an instant five times fairer and radiance from within.

Omega White-C
-helps to reduce the appearance of uneven skin tones and brown spots.
-helps to reduce the signs of ageing.

nano Penetration - 1000 times faster + effective.
nanowhitetm skincare technology enhances absorption through this approach:
• Aromatic scent opens up pores
• Smaller nano molecules penetrate pores much faster

Nanotechnology Fundamental Application

Nanotechnology and its applications over the last few years nanotechnology has emerged as the science of all things small, more specifically, nano. Bing: nanotechnology application international conference on nanotechnology: fundamentals and applications august 4 - 6, 2010 nanotechnology has become one of the fast developing fields of research. Nanotechnology: applications for environmental remediation technology focus: bundling information for particular technologies that may be used in a variety of applications. Ac electrokinetics: applications for nanotechnology related resources find information on nanotechnology-enabled products at: nanowerk s list of nanotechnology companies, and their products, applications & instruments. Nanotechnology application for civil engineering 4 science and technology the time gap there is a time lapse between first scientific publication and commercialisation tungsten filament light bulbs (10 years).

Nanotechnology application vtt technical research centre of 2 vtt soperations research and development strategic research business solutions ventures expert services corporate services focus. Bioinformatics and nanotechnology applications in biological sono-tek ultrasonic nozzles are well suited for spraying nanosuspensions for many applications, including carbon nanotube deposition, catalyst inks dispersion or. Sciencedaily: nanotechnology news iopscience is a unique platform for iop-hosted journal content providing site-wide electronic access to more than 130 years of leading scientific research, and. Potential nanotechnology applications in food packaging home search visiting collections & research learn & teach corporate & commercial let s talk shop.

Fundamentals and applications nanotechnology news from nanoscience to nanotechnology applications such as nanotechnology in medicine, read the latest news from leading research institutes. Nanotechnology application nanotechnology research and development company creates technology for atomically precise manufacturing. Applications of nanotechnology in petroleum / energy sector education master intends to transform itself into a knowledge hub on education and career it is our endeavor to guide students through the right course in academic. Application of nanotechnology for high performance textiles answer pretty much anything you can think of it has application in so may fields, including medicine, technology, computers, weapons, etc one of the most. Application of nanotechnology in textiles education master 13 conclusions z many opportunities for food applications there is interest there is some funding allocated to food & agriculture it is just beginning.

Medical nanorobots win poll on engineering's Next Big Thing

Thanks to Robert A. Freitas Jr. for passing along this news item. NewScientist recently conducted a poll of its readers on What will be engineering’s Next Big Thing?. The answer to the question “Which technology do you think will have the biggest impact on human life in the next 30 years?“:

The clear winner with 3,097 votes — 35 per cent of the total — is Catherine McTeigue’s prediction of nanorobots that will repair cancerous cells:

Nanorobots fight the medical battles of the future

“Say the word “cancer” and people are fear-ridden. Projects being undertaken to harness nanotechnology and develop nanorobots to enter into the human body and repair cancerous cells, without the need for life-changing, disfiguring and painful chemotherapy, will have the greatest impact in the next 30 years. Watching loved ones suffer will be a thing of the past as the robots aid speedy recoveries, mortality rates drop, and as the technology is used more frequently, so will the cost, that oft deciding factor. An enormous step forwards for all mankind, in the form of a microscopic creature.”

The winning suggestion is a bit vague as to just what kind of medical nanorobots are envisioned. Recent posts (here, here, and here) suggest that near-term, incremental nanotechnology could be successful in curing cancer by selectively killing cancer cells while sparing normal cells. However, the phrase “repair cancerous cells” suggests advanced medical nanotechnology, of the type Freitas has proposed, that could be capable of molecular level repair of cells rather than necessarily killing cancerous cells. On the other hand, using near-term nanotechnology to deliver into cancer cells siRNA or miRNA to alter cellular gene expression might also make it possible to “repair cancerous cells”. The next poll we would like to see is something to the effect of “How do you think medical nanorobots will be developed over the next 30 years?”

'Good Cholesterol' nanoparticles silence cancer-promoting genes and destroy cancer cells

The lipid-coated silica nanoparticles described here last week are only one of several very promising approaches to using nanotechnology to treat cancer. ScienceDaily points to an MD Anderson news release reporting a very different type of nanoparticle used to destroy cancer cells “‘Good Cholesterol’ Nanoparticles Seek and Destroy Cancer Cells“:

High-density lipoprotein’s hauls excess cholesterol to the liver for disposal, but new research suggests “good cholesterol” can also act as a special delivery vehicle of destruction for cancer.

Synthetic HDL nanoparticles loaded with small interfering RNA to silence cancer-promoting genes selectively shrunk or destroyed ovarian cancer tumors in mice, a research team led by scientists from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and the University of North Texas Health Science Center reports in the April edition of Neoplasia [abstract, full text PDF].

“RNA interference has great therapeutic potential but delivering it to cancer cells has been problematic,” said Anil Sood, M.D., the study’s senior author and MD Anderson’s director of Ovarian Cancer Research and co-director of the Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA at MD Anderson. “Combining siRNA with HDL provides an efficient way to get these molecules to their targets. This study has several important implications in the ability to fight certain cancers.”

Sood and Andras Lacko, Ph.D., professor of Molecular Biology and Immunology at UNT Health Science Center, jointly developed the nanoparticles, which build on Lacko’s original insight about HDL’s potential for cancer drug delivery.

The next step is to prepare for human clinical trials, the two scientists said. “If we can knock out 70, 80 or 90 percent of tumors without drug accumulation in normal tissues in mice, it is likely that many cancer patients could benefit from this new type of treatment in the long run,” Lacko said.

Only cancer and liver cells express HDL receptor

Previous studies have shown that cancer cells attract and scavenge HDL by producing high levels of its receptor, SR-B1. As cancer cells take in HDL, they grow and proliferate. The only other site in the body that makes SR-B1 receptor is the liver. This selectivity for cancer cells protects normal, healthy cells from side effects.

Previous attempts to deliver siRNA by lipsomes and other nanoparticles have been hampered by toxicity and other concerns. The tiny bits of RNA, which regulate genes in a highly targeted fashion, can’t simply be injected, for example.

“If siRNA is not in a nanoparticle, it gets broken down and excreted before it can be effective,” Sood said. “HDL is completely biocompatible and is a safety improvement over other types of nanoparticles.”

The team developed a synthetic version of HDL, called rHDL, because it’s more stable than the natural version.

Fewer and smaller tumors, less toxicity

Using rHDL as a delivery method has other advantages as well. rHDL has not shown to cause immunologic responses, helping to minimize potential side effects, Lacko said, and it exhibits longer time in circulation than other drug formulations or lipoproteins. Also, because SR-B1 is found only in the liver, an rHDL vehicle will help block and treat metastasis to that organ.

Researchers first confirmed the distribution of SR-B1 and the uptake of rHDL nanoparticles in mice injected with cancer cells. They found that siRNA was distributed evenly in about 80 percent of a treated tumor. As expected, the nanoparticles accumulated in the liver with minimal or no delivery to the brain, heart, lung, kidney or spleen. Safety studies showed uptake in the liver did not cause adverse effects.

Using siRNA tailored to the individual gene, the researchers separately shut down the genes STAT3 and FAK in various types of treatment-resistant ovarian cancer tumors. STAT3 and FAK are important to cancer growth, progression and metastasis; however, they also play important roles in normal tissue so targeting precision is vital.

The siRNA/rHDL formulation alone reduced the size and number of tumors by 60 to 80 percent. Combinations with chemotherapy caused reductions above 90 percent.

Conventional approaches to target STAT3 have met limited success, Sood said. FAK, which is over expressed in colorectal, breast, ovarian, thyroid and prostate cancers, is particularly aggressive in ovarian cancer and one reason for its poor survival rate. While previous attempts have targeted FAK with liposomal nanoparticles or small molecule inhibitors, these methods are not tumor-specific and are more likely to harm normal cells, the scientists noted.

Next Step: Clinical Studies

“In order to help expedite the study’s progress to a clinical setting, we have identified 12 genes as biomarkers for response to STAT3-targeted therapy,” Sood said. “Next, we’ll work with the National Cancer Institute Nanoparticle Characterization Lab to develop a formulation of the HDL/siRNA nanoparticle for human use.” …

Candidate nanoparticle cancer therapies must deal with numerous issues. What agents are being delivered? How does each agent affect each type of cancer? What resistance can the cancer cell evolve? How does the nanoparticle protect the therapeutic agent(s) from destruction, and target cancer cells while avoiding healthy cells? Is the nanoparticle toxic or immunogenic? The diversity of nanoparticles showing promise, each type with its own unique set of advantages, inspires hope that nanotechnology will soon contribute to successful treatment of patients.

Promise and challenge on the road to practical graphene electronics

Three recent news items illuminate the promise and challenge on the road to practical graphene electronics. In the first, IBM announced a new speed record for an experimental graphene transistor that looks exceptionally promising for processing analog signals. It was produced on a “diamond-like carbon” substrate using standard semiconductor manufacturing processes. From “IBM shows smallest, fastest graphene processor“, by Agam Shah:

… The transistor has a cut-off frequency of 155GHz, making it faster and more capable than the 100GHz graphene transistor shown by IBM in February last year, said Yu-Ming Lin, an IBM researcher.

The research also shows that high-performance, graphene-based transistors can be produced at low cost using standard semiconductor manufacturing processes, Lin said. That could pave the way for commercial production of graphene chips, though Lin could not say when manufacturing of such chips would begin.

Commercialized graphene transistors will provide a performance boost in applications related to wireless communications, networking, radar and imaging, said Phaedon Avouris [winner for experimental work, 1999 Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology], an IBM fellow. Graphene is a single-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms structured in a hexagonal honeycomb form.

The transistor was developed as part of research IBM is conducting for the U.S. Department of Defense’s DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) program to develop high-performance RF (radio frequency) transistors. Avouris said the military has considerable interest in graphene transistors.

The flow of electrons is faster on graphene transistors than conventional transistors, which enables faster data transfers between chips, Lin said. That makes it promising technology for applications such as networking that require communications at fast speeds and high frequencies.

Graphene transistors may be able compute faster than conventional transistors, but are not ideal for PCs yet, Lin said. Because of the lack of energy gap in natural graphene, graphene transistors do not possess the on-off ratio required for digital switching operations, which makes conventional processors better at processing discrete digital signals.

By contrast, the continuous energy flow makes graphene better at processing analog signals, Lin said. Graphene’s high electron speed allows for faster processing of applications in analog electronics where such a high on-off ratio is not needed. …

In a second development, researchers have found that atomic vacancies in graphene can give rise to magnetic properties that were entirely unexpected because carbon has no d or f electrons. PhysOrg.com points to this University of Maryland news release “UMD Scientists Make Magnetic New Graphene Discovery“:

University of Maryland researchers have discovered a way to control magnetic properties of graphene that could lead to powerful new applications in magnetic storage and magnetic random access memory.

The finding by a team of Maryland researchers, led by Physics Professor Michael S. Fuhrer of the UMD Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials is the latest of many amazing properties discovered for graphene. …

In their new graphene discovery, Fuhrer and his University of Maryland colleagues have found that missing atoms in graphene, called vacancies, act as tiny magnets — they have a “magnetic moment.” Moreover, these magnetic moments interact strongly with the electrons in graphene which carry electrical currents, giving rise to a significant extra electrical resistance at low temperature, known as the Kondo effect. The results appear in the paper “Tunable Kondo effect in graphene with defects” published this month in Nature Physics [abstract]. …

Fuhrer thinks that if vacancies in graphene could be arranged in just the right way, ferromagnetism could result. “Individual magnetic moments can be coupled together through the Kondo effect, forcing them all to line up in the same direction,” he said.

“The result would be a ferromagnet, like iron, but instead made only of carbon. Magnetism in graphene could lead to new types of nanoscale sensors of magnetic fields. And, when coupled with graphene’s tremendous electrical properties, magnetism in graphene could also have interesting applications in the area of spintronics, which uses the magnetic moment of the electron, instead of its electric charge, to represent the information in a computer.

“This opens the possibility of ‘defect engineering’ in graphene – plucking out atoms in the right places to design the magnetic properties you want,” said Fuhrer.

The third item reports that graphene transistors may solve one of the major problems associated with silicon electronics—graphene transistors could cool themselves rather than have to spend energy dissipating heat with fans or water cooling. From “Graphene transistors could cool themselves“, by Isaac Leung:

Researchers with the University of Illinois have found graphene transistors have a nanoscale cooling effect which reduces their temperature.

Mechanical science and engineering professor William King and electrical and computer engineering professor Eric Pop led the team, which published the findings in the 3 April advance online edition of the journal Nature Nanotechnology [abstract]. …

The research team used an atomic force microscope tip as a temperature probe to make the first nanometer-scale temperature measurements of a working graphene transistor.

The measurements revealed that thermoelectric cooling effects can be stronger at the areas where the graphene touches the metal contacts, and this effect overpowers resistive heating, actually lowering the temperature of the transistor.

This self-cooling effect means that graphene-based electronics could require little or no cooling, allowing even greater energy efficiency and increasing graphene’s attractiveness as a silicon replacement.

The University of Illinois News Bureau adds a few additional details. From “Self-cooling observed in graphene electronics“, by Liz Ahlberg:

… The measurements revealed surprising temperature phenomena at the points where the graphene transistor touches the metal connections. They found that thermoelectric cooling effects can be stronger at graphene contacts than resistive heating, actually lowering the temperature of the transistor.

“In silicon and most materials, the electronic heating is much larger than the self-cooling,” King said. “However, we found that in these graphene transistors, there are regions where the thermoelectric cooling can be larger than the resistive heating, which allows these devices to cool themselves. This self-cooling has not previously been seen for graphene devices.” …

“Graphene electronics are still in their infancy; however, our measurements and simulations project that thermoelectric effects will become enhanced as graphene transistor technology and contacts improve ” said Pop, who is also affiliated with the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, and the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory at the U. of I. …

Protein, RNA, DNA: Nanotechnology finds a multitude of paths to attack cancer cells

Nanoparticles designed to deliver drugs for cancer therapy made from nanoporous silica or from HDL cholesterol have been highlighted in recent posts. As evidence for the variety of approaches under development, these three items concern three different types of nanoparticles based respectively on protein, RNA, and DNA. In the first of these, cytoplasmic vaults, large structures of protein with some small RNA molecules, found in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotes, have been engineered to encapsulate large cargoes of toxic and water-insoluble drugs and deliver them into cancer cells. PhysOrg.com points to this UCLA news release: “Scientists engineer nanoscale vaults to encapsulate ‘nanodisks’ for drug delivery“

… In recent years, researchers have grappled with the challenge of administering therapeutics in a way that boosts their effectiveness by targeting specific cells in the body while minimizing their potential damage to healthy tissue.

The development of new methods that use engineered nanomaterials to transport drugs and release them directly into cells holds great potential in this area. And while several such drug-delivery systems — including some that use dendrimers, liposomes or polyethylene glycol — have won approval for clinical use, they have been hampered by size limitations and ineffectiveness in accurately targeting tissues.

Now, researchers at UCLA have developed a new and potentially far more effective means of targeted drug delivery using nanotechnology.

In a study to be published in the May 23 print issue of the journal Small (and currently available online [abstract]), they demonstrate the ability to package drug-loaded “nanodisks” into vault nanoparticles, naturally occurring nanoscale capsules that have been engineered for therapeutic drug delivery. The study represents the first example of using vaults toward this goal. …

Vault nanoparticles are found in the cytoplasm of all mammalian cells and are one of the largest known ribonucleoprotein complexes in the sub-100-nanometer range. A vault is essentially barrel-shaped nanocapsule with a large, hollow interior — properties that make them ripe for engineering into a drug-delivery vehicles. The ability to encapsulate small-molecule therapeutic compounds into vaults is critical to their development for drug delivery.

Recombinant vaults are nonimmunogenic and have undergone significant engineering, including cell-surface receptor targeting and the encapsulation of a wide variety of proteins.

“A vault is a naturally occurring protein particle and so it causes no harm to the body,” said Rome, CNSI associate director and a professor of biological chemistry. “These vaults release therapeutics slowly, like a strainer, through tiny, tiny holes, which provides great flexibility for drug delivery.”

The internal cavity of the recombinant vault nanoparticle is large enough to hold hundreds of drugs, and because vaults are the size of small microbes, a vault particle containing drugs can easily be taken up into targeted cells.

With the goal of creating a vault capable of encapsulating therapeutic compounds for drug delivery, UCLA doctoral student Daniel Buhler designed a strategy to package another nanoparticle, known as a nanodisk (ND), into the vault’s inner cavity, or lumen.

“By packaging drug-loaded NDs into the vault lumen, the ND and its contents would be shielded from the external medium,” Buehler said. “Moreover, given the large vault interior, it is conceivable that multiple NDs could be packaged, which would considerably increase the localized drug concentration.” …

In a major advance for the nascent field of RNA nanotechnology, nanoparticles composed solely of chemically modified RNA were assembled, found to survive circulation in the bloodstream, be non-toxic and non-immunogenic, internalize into cancer cells specifically, and silence expression of cancer-promoting genes. PhysOrg.com points to this Univerity of Cincinnati news release “Researchers Construct RNA Nanoparticles to Safely Deliver Long-Lasting Therapy to Cells“:

Nanotechnology researchers have known for years that RNA, the cousin of DNA, is a promising tool for nanotherapy, in which therapeutic agents can be delivered inside the body via nanoparticles. But the difficulties of producing long-lasting, therapeutic RNA that remains stable and non-toxic while entering targeted cells have posed challenges for their progress.

In two new publications in the journal Molecular Therapy, University of Cincinnati (UC) biomedical engineering professor Peixuan Guo, PhD, details successful methods of producing large RNA nanoparticles and testing their safety in the delivery of therapeutics to targeted cells.

The articles, in advance online publication, represent “two very important milestones in RNA nanotherapy,” says Guo.

“One problem in RNA therapy is the requirement for the generation of relatively large quantities of RNA,” he says. “In this research [abstract], we focused on solving the most challenging problem of industry-scale production of large RNA molecules by a bipartite approach, finding that pRNA can be assembled from two pieces of smaller RNA modules.” …

In his most recent research, Guo and colleagues detail multiple approaches for the construction of a functional 117-base pRNA molecule containing small interfering RNA (siRNA). siRNA has already been shown to be an efficient tool for silencing genes in cells, but previous attempts have produced chemically modified siRNA lasting only 15-45 minutes in the body and often inducing undesired immune responses.

“The pRNA particles we constructed to harbor siRNA have a half life of between five and 10 hours in animal models, are non-toxic and produce no immune response,” says Guo [abstract]. “The tenfold increase of circulation time in the body is important in drug development and paves the way towards clinical trials of RNA nanoparticles as therapeutic drugs.”

Guo says the size of the constructed pRNA molecule is crucial for the effective delivery of therapeutics to diseased tissues.

RNA nanoparticles must be within the range of 15 to 50 nanometers,” he says, “large enough to be retained by the body and not enter cells randomly, causing toxicity, but small enough to enter the targeted cells with the aid of cell surface receptions.…

Previous studies have encased therapeutic siRNA in a polymer coating or liposome for delivery to cells.

“To our knowledge, this is the first naked RNA nanoparticles to have been comprehensively examined pharmacologically in vivo and demonstrated to be safe, as well as deliver itself to tumor tissues by a specific targeting mechanism,” he says. “It suggests that the pRNA nanoparticles without coating have all the preferred pharmacological features to serve as an efficient nanodelivery platform for broad medical applications.”

Finally Y-shaped DNA molecules can assemble into core-shell structures that incorporate defined functions into engineered molecules. PhysOrg.com points to this Cornell University article by Bill Steele “‘DNAsomes’ can deliver multiple drugs or genetic therapy“

DNA isn’t just for genetics anymore. Cornell researchers are using synthetic DNA to make nanoparticles, dubbed DNAsomes, that can deliver drugs and genetic therapy to the insides of cells.

Dan Luo, professor of biological and environmental engineering, and colleagues report their work in the Jan. 3 issue of the journal Small [abstract, free PDF].

DNAsomes, Luo said, can carry multiple drugs as well as RNA molecules designed to block the expression of genes, an improvement over other drug-delivery systems such as liposomes (tiny wrappers of the phospholipid molecules that make up cell membranes) or polymer nanoparticles. Also, some other delivery systems can be toxic to cells, the researchers said.

In its natural habitat in the nucleus of a cell, DNA consists of long chain molecules that are complementary, attaching to one another like a string of Lego blocks over their entire length to form the famous double helix. The Luo research group creates short chains of synthetic DNA designed to attach over only part of their length so they will join into shapes like crosses, Ts or Ys.

DNAsomes are assembled from Y-shaped units, each made up of three strands of DNA. A lipid molecule is attached to the tail of the Y, and drugs to be delivered are chemically bonded to the arms. When the goal is to block the expression of genes with molecules of siRNA (small interfering RNA), the synthetic DNA can be designed with a section complementary to the RNA so that the RNA will loosely attach to it. Delivering siRNA has been a particular challenge for other drug-delivery systems, the researchers noted.

In water solution, the combination of DNA, which is attracted to water molecules, and lipids, which are repelled by water, causes the Y units to self-assemble into hollow spheres from 100 to 5,000 nanometers in diameter, consisting of multiple layers of DNA, lipid and cargo.

“The beauty of this is that the body of the thing is also a body of drugs,” Luo said. About the size of a virus, the DNAsome will be engulfed by the cell membrane and taken into a cell in a similar way as a virus, he explained. The DNAsome can be tagged with molecules that target a particular kind of cell, such as a cancer cell. …

The variety of very different molecular architectures that these researchers have engineered to meet similar purposes illustrates the richness of the toolkit that nanotechnology is providing to satisfy major unmet medical needs.

Combined computational and experimental study illuminates motions of molecules across a surface

How do molecules with one, two, or three “legs”, each with a “foot” that binds to a receptor on a surface, move across the surface in the presence of competing receptors that are free in solution? Will understanding how such molecules move lead to the ability to control movement molecule by molecule? A team of researchers from Ireland and the Netherlands illuminated the first question and appears confident that the answer to the second question is “yes”. ScienceDaily points to this news release from Ireland’s Tyndall National Institute “Are we only a hop, skip and jump away from controlled molecular motion?“

We may very well be, according to a study in this month’s Nature Chemistry [abstract]. Controlling how molecules move on surfaces could be the key to more potent drugs that block the attachment of viruses to cells, and will also speed development of new materials for electronics and energy applications. The study is the culmination of a EU-funded collaboration between Tyndall National Institute, UCC researcher Dr. Damien Thompson and colleagues at University of Twente in the Netherlands. Dr. Thompson performed computer simulations that enabled a greater understanding of how two-legged molecules move along patterned surfaces, in a kind of molecular hopscotch.

Widespread industrial uptake of nanotechnology requires cheap, easy and robust solutions that allow manipulation of matter at the smallest scales and so a key enabling feature will be the ability to move material around molecule by molecule. One of the major difficulties is the very different physics that operates at the scale of atoms and molecules; water, for example, feels more like treacle [molasses] to a molecule, and molecules tend to huddle and stick together due to microscopic forces between their atoms. Dr. Thompson explains: “The experiments performed by the group at Twente were very elegant. They involved making two-legged molecules and using a fluorescence microscope to watch how they move along a wet surface. The molecules are hydrophobic, meaning they don’t like water, and the surface was pockmarked with hydrophobic cavities so a weak glueing interaction, based on a mutual dislike of water, drives the interaction between the molecules and the surface.

While the energetics of this type of interaction was worked out over a decade ago by George Whitesides’s group at Harvard, it’s usefulness for materials development was limited because little was known until now on the paths that the molecules take”.

Because the molecules have multiple legs, they display a surprisingly rich behaviour at the surface, beyond simply attaching/detaching, with Dr. Thompson’s computer simulations complementing the experiments and showing the different mechanisms by which the molecules move. The motion switches from walking to hopping to flying, as the environment changes.

Dr. Thompson continues: “Access to high performance computing facilities enabled us to model the different pathways and aid interpretation of the microscopy results. We ran most of the simulations on our own Science Foundation Ireland-supported computing clusters at Tyndall, and also did a few larger-scale calculations at the Irish Center for High End Computing. It’s an exciting time for research as experiments and simulations are finally on the same page; the experiments can finally drill down far enough to see molecule-scale features while advances in computing mean we can routinely model systems composed of hundreds of thousands, and even millions, of atoms”.

If researchers succeed in controlling molecular motion on surfaces, the next challenge will be to build arbitrary assemblages from a set of molecular building blocks.

This entry was posted on Sunday, April 24th, 2011 at 1:00 PM and is filed under Computational nanotechnology, Molecular Nanotechnology, Nano, Nanotech, Nanotechnology, Research. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.